添加 磁盘/lvm.md
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磁盘/lvm.md
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磁盘/lvm.md
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## 基础
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### 物理卷(pvcreate)
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```
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[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb[1-3] # 将分区创建为物理卷
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Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
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Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
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Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created
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[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc # 将硬盘创建为物理卷
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Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created
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[root@localhost ~]# pvs # 查看创建的物理卷
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PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
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/dev/sdb1 myvg lvm2 a- 1.87G 1.87G
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/dev/sdb2 myvg lvm2 a- 1.87G 1.87G
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/dev/sdb3 myvg lvm2 a- 1.87G 1.87G
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/dev/sdc myvg lvm2 a- 20.00G 20.00G
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```
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### 卷组(vgcreate)
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```
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[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate myvg /dev/sdb[1-3] /dev/sdc
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Volume group "myvg" successfully created
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[root@localhost ~]# vgs
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VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
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myvg 4 0 0 wz--n- 25.60G 25.60G
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[root@localhost ~]#
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[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
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--- Volume group ---
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VG Name myvg #卷组名
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System ID
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Format lvm2
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Metadata Areas 4
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Metadata Sequence No 1
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VG Access read/write
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VG Status resizable
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MAX LV 0
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Cur LV 0
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Open LV 0
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Max PV 0
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Cur PV 4
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Act PV 4
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VG Size 25.60 GB
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PE Size 4.00 MB #物理盘的基本单位：默认4MB
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Total PE 6553
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Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
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Free PE / Size 6553 / 25.60 GB
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VG UUID wuNBgb-tP95-pVoX-ehHw-cMfN-hyem-PNMqwe
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[root@localhost ~]#
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```
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### 逻辑卷(lvcreate)
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``` shell
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[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 2G -n mylv1 myvg #创建逻辑卷
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Logical volume "mylv1" created
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[root@localhost ~]# lvs #查看逻辑卷
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LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
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mylv1 myvg -wi-a- 2.00G
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```
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## 运维操作
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### 扩大卷组
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```
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[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdd #将新硬盘/sdd加入物理卷中
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Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created
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[root@localhost ~]# pvs #查看物理卷
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/dev/cdrom: open failed: No medium found
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PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
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/dev/sdb1 myvg lvm2 a- 1.87G 1.87G
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/dev/sdb2 myvg lvm2 a- 1.87G 1.87G
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/dev/sdb3 myvg lvm2 a- 1.87G 1.87G
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/dev/sdc myvg lvm2 a- 20.00G 18.00G
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/dev/sdd myvg lvm2 a- 20.00G 20.00G
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[root@localhost ~]#
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[root@localhost ~]# vgextend myvg /dev/sdd #扩展卷组
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Volume group "myvg" successfully extended
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[root@localhost ~]# vgs #查看新增加的卷组
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VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
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myvg 5 1 0 wz--n- 45.59G 43.59G
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[root@localhost ~]#
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```
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### 扩大逻辑卷 (支持在线扩展)
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```
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# 扩展 2G 空间
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[root@localhost mydata]# lvextend -L +2G /dev/myvg/mylv1
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Extending logical volume mylv1 to 4.00 GB
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Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized
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# 扩展空闲所有
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[root@localhost mydata]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/myvg/mylv1
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# ext4 文件系统
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[root@localhost mydata]# resize2fs -p /dev/myvg/mylv1
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# xfs 格式文件系统
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[root@localhost mydata]# xfs_growfs -f /dev/myvg/mylv1
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[root@localhost mydata]# lvs
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LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
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mylv1 myvg -wi-ao 4.00G
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```
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### 缩减逻辑卷
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- 不能在线缩减，得先卸载
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- 确保缩减后的空间大小依然能存储原有的所有数据
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```
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# 将/dev/myvg/mylv1 缩减到1G
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# ext4
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[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/myvg/mylv1 #卸载分区
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[root@localhost ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/myvg/mylv1 #强制检查文件系统
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[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv1 1G #缩减逻辑大小
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[root@localhost ~]# lvreduce -L 1G /dev/myvg/mylv1 #缩减物理边界大小
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# xfs
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[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/myvg/mylv1 #卸载分区
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[root@localhost ~]#
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[root@localhost ~]# lvs #查看逻辑卷
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/dev/cdrom: open failed: No medium found
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LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
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mylv1 myvg -wi-ao 1.00G
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[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv1 /mydata
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```
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### 缩减磁盘空间
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发现物理磁盘空间使用不足，将其中一块硬盘或分区拿掉。
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```
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[root@localhost ~]# pvs
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/dev/cdrom: open failed: No medium found
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PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
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/dev/sdb1 myvg lvm2 a- 1.87G 1.87G
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/dev/sdb2 myvg lvm2 a- 1.87G 1.87G
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/dev/sdb3 myvg lvm2 a- 1.87G 1.87G
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/dev/sdc myvg lvm2 a- 20.00G 19.00G
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/dev/sdd myvg lvm2 a- 20.00G 20.00G
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[root@localhost ~]#
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[root@localhost ~]# pvmove /dev/sdb1
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No data to move for myvg
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[root@localhost ~]# vgreduce myvg /dev/sdb1
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Removed "/dev/sdb1" from volume group "myvg"
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root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb1
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Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped
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[root@localhost ~]# pvs
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/dev/cdrom: open failed: No medium found
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PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
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/dev/sdb2 myvg lvm2 a- 1.87G 1.87G
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/dev/sdb3 myvg lvm2 a- 1.87G 1.87G
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/dev/sdc myvg lvm2 a- 20.00G 19.00G
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/dev/sdd myvg lvm2 a- 20.00G 20.00G
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[root@localhost ~]#
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```
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### 实现快照，进行备份还原
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在/mnt/lvm目录上，我们将原始的目录文件进行快照，然后将/mydata目录中的内容清空，并进行还原。
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```
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /mydata/
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[root@localhost mydata]# ls
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index.html lost+found
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[root@localhost mydata]# cat index.html
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test
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[root@localhost mydata]# lvcreate -L 30M -n backup -s -p r /dev/myvg/mylv1 #-L 快照大小 –n:快照名称 –p 权限只读 –s 创建快照
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Rounding up size to full physical extent 32.00 MB
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Logical volume "backup" created
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[root@localhost mydata]# ll
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total 20
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Jun 28 01:04 index.html
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drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jun 28 00:47 lost+found
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[root@localhost mydata]# mkdir /tmp/backup #创建挂载目录
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[root@localhost mydata]# mount /dev/myvg/backup /tmp/backup/ #挂载
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mount: block device /dev/myvg/backup is write-protected, mounting read-only
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[root@localhost mydata]# cd /tmp/backup/
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[root@localhost backup]# ls
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index.html lost+found
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[root@localhost backup]# mkdir /tmp/lvmbackup #创建备份目录
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[root@localhost backup]# tar jcf /tmp/lvmbackup/sandy.tar.bz2 index.html #打包并压缩文件
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[root@localhost backup]# cd ..
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[root@localhost tmp]# cd lvmbackup/
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[root@localhost lvmbackup]# ls #查看备份
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sandy.tar.bz2
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[root@localhost lvmbackup]# cd /mydata/
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[root@localhost mydata]# ll
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total 20
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Jun 28 01:04 index.html
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drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jun 28 00:47 lost+found
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[root@localhost mydata]# rm -rf * #删除所有文件
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[root@localhost mydata]#
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[root@localhost mydata]# ll
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total 0
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[root@localhost mydata]# tar xf /tmp/lvmbackup/sandy.tar.bz2 #还原备份数据
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[root@localhost mydata]# ll
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total 4
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Jun 28 01:04 index.html
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[root@localhost mydata]# cat index.html
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test
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[root@localhost mydata]# df -h
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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/dev/sda2 9.5G 1.8G 7.2G 21% /
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/dev/sda3 4.8G 138M 4.4G 4% /data
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/dev/sda1 251M 17M 222M 7% /boot
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tmpfs 60M 0 60M 0% /dev/shm
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/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1
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1008M 67M 901M 7% /mydata
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/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1
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1008M 67M 901M 7% /tmp/backup
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[root@localhost mydata]#
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```
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